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Foundations

Where every math journey begins

Beginner
4 stages
~24 weeks
10 books

Build rock-solid mathematical foundations. Perfect for those starting from scratch or filling gaps in their knowledge.

Skill Tree

Visualize your learning journey. Click on any stage (branch) to see the recommended books for that subject. Topics are shown as leaves on each branch.

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Learning Stages

This path is divided into 4 stages covering 24 topics. Work through each stage in order for the best learning experience.

1
Stage 1

Basic Algebra

Master the fundamentals of algebra that underpin all of mathematics.

Key Topics
Variables and expressionsSolving equationsInequalitiesPolynomialsFactoringRational expressions
2 books
~6 weeks

Recommended Books for Stage 1

Cover of Pre-Algebra Mathematics

Pre-Algebra Mathematics

Nickels

Beginner
Cover of Elementary Algebra

Elementary Algebra

Sullivan, Struve & Mazzarella

Beginner
2
Stage 2

Proof Writing Fundamentals

Learn the language of mathematical proof and logical reasoning.

Key Topics
Propositional logicPredicate logicDirect proofsContrapositionProof by contradictionMathematical induction
3 books
~6 weeks

Recommended Books for Stage 2

Cover of How to Prove It: A Structured Approach

How to Prove It: A Structured Approach

Daniel Velleman

Beginner
Cover of Foundations of Higher Mathematics

Foundations of Higher Mathematics

Fletcher & Patty

Beginner
Cover of How to Read and Do Proofs

How to Read and Do Proofs

Daniel Solow

Beginner
3
Stage 3

Pre-Calculus & Trigonometry

All the algebra and trigonometry needed before tackling calculus.

Key Topics
Functions and graphsPolynomial and rational functionsExponentials and logarithmsTrigonometric functionsIdentities and equationsVectors introduction
3 books
~8 weeks

Recommended Books for Stage 3

Cover of Precalculus: Mathematics for Calculus

Precalculus: Mathematics for Calculus

Stewart, Redlin & Watson

Beginner
Cover of A Graphical Approach to Algebra and Trigonometry

A Graphical Approach to Algebra and Trigonometry

Hornsby, Lial & Rockswold

Beginner
Cover of Trigonometry Workbook

Trigonometry Workbook

Chris McMullen

Beginner
4
Stage 4

Discrete Mathematics

The mathematics of counting, logic, and discrete structures.

Key Topics
Set theoryCombinatoricsRelations and functionsGraph theory basicsBoolean algebraRecurrence relations
2 books
~4 weeks

Recommended Books for Stage 4

Cover of Discrete Mathematical Structures

Discrete Mathematical Structures

Kolman, Busby & Ross

Beginner
Cover of Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications

Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications

Rosen

Intermediate

All Books in This Path

Complete list of 10 recommended books across all stages. You don't need to buy them all — pick what works for you.

Cover of Pre-Algebra Mathematics

Pre-Algebra Mathematics

by Nickels

Beginner

Great book for learning the very basics of algebra. Perfect starting point for absolute beginners.

Cover of Elementary Algebra

Elementary Algebra

by Sullivan, Struve & Mazzarella

Beginner

Modern book with tons of examples. Teaches all the algebra you need to proceed in mathematics.

Cover of How to Prove It: A Structured Approach

How to Prove It: A Structured Approach

by Daniel Velleman

Beginner

The author's favorite! Very affordable. Explains things in multiple ways. Falls back on logic which is key. Cannot recommend enough!

Cover of Foundations of Higher Mathematics

Foundations of Higher Mathematics

by Fletcher & Patty

Beginner

Highly recommended for learning to write proofs. Great alternate explanations.

Cover of How to Read and Do Proofs

How to Read and Do Proofs

by Daniel Solow

Beginner

Recommended by a former professor. Excellent for learning proof techniques.

Cover of Precalculus: Mathematics for Calculus

Precalculus: Mathematics for Calculus

by Stewart, Redlin & Watson

Beginner

Solid book with everything needed for calculus. By the famous James Stewart.

Cover of A Graphical Approach to Algebra and Trigonometry

A Graphical Approach to Algebra and Trigonometry

by Hornsby, Lial & Rockswold

Beginner

Really liked for teaching precalc and trig. Great examples, exercises, and explanations.

Cover of Trigonometry Workbook

Trigonometry Workbook

by Chris McMullen

Beginner

Unique workbook you can write in! Has answers to all problems. Focuses on topics students struggle with.

Cover of Discrete Mathematical Structures

Discrete Mathematical Structures

by Kolman, Busby & Ross

Beginner

Super beginner-friendly. Teaches logic which is a precursor to writing mathematical proofs.

Cover of Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications

Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications

by Rosen

Intermediate

Widely used in US discrete math courses. Tough read but solid content.

What's Next?

Complete this path and continue your mathematical journey.